See chamel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "camel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "chameau"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "chameau"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"camēlus",
"camelus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la-vul:camēlus<alt:*camellus>",
"id": "camel"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Semitic\", \"term\" : \"*gamal-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"sem-wes-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κάμηλος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"camēlus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"chamel\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-id=\"camel\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"chamel\" id=\"Old_French:_camel\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "",
"4": "*camellus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *camellus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "camēlus"
},
"expansion": "Latin camēlus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la-vul:camēlus<alt:*camellus>",
"id": "camel"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *camellus, a variant of Classical Latin camēlus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chamel oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "chameaus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chameax",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chamiaus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chamiax",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chamels",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chameaus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chameax",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamiaus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamiax",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamels",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamel",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cameil",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "camel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "camuel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "chamel oblique singular, m (oblique plural chameaus or chameax or chamiaus or chamiax or chamels, nominative singular chameaus or chameax or chamiaus or chamiax or chamels, nominative plural chamel)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fro",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "fro:Zoology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "88 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fro",
"name": "Animals",
"orig": "fro:Animals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "95 5",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fro",
"name": "Mammals",
"orig": "fro:Mammals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"camel"
],
"id": "en-chamel-fro-noun-SBJYXpRJ",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"camel",
"camel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) camel"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"camel-skin"
],
"id": "en-chamel-fro-noun-Z2GmARu1",
"links": [
[
"camel",
"camel"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
]
}
],
"word": "chamel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with etymon",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-West Semitic",
"Old French terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Old French terms inherited from Vulgar Latin",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"fro:Animals",
"fro:Mammals"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "camel"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "chameau"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "chameau"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"camēlus",
"camelus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la-vul:camēlus<alt:*camellus>",
"id": "camel"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"bor.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Borrowed from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Semitic\", \"term\" : \"*gamal-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"sem-wes-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"κάμηλος\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Vulgar Latin\", \"term\" : \"camēlus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la-vul\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"chamel\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-id=\"camel\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"chamel\" id=\"Old_French:_camel\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la-vul",
"3": "",
"4": "*camellus"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *camellus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "camēlus"
},
"expansion": "Latin camēlus",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la-vul:camēlus<alt:*camellus>",
"id": "camel"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Vulgar Latin *camellus, a variant of Classical Latin camēlus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chamel oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "chameaus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chameax",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chamiaus",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chamiax",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chamels",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chameaus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chameax",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamiaus",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamiax",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamels",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chamel",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cameil",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "camel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "camuel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "chamel oblique singular, m (oblique plural chameaus or chameax or chamiaus or chamiax or chamels, nominative singular chameaus or chameax or chamiaus or chamiax or chamels, nominative plural chamel)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"fro:Zoology"
],
"glosses": [
"camel"
],
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"camel",
"camel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology) camel"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"camel-skin"
],
"links": [
[
"camel",
"camel"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
]
}
],
"word": "chamel"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chamel meaning in Old French (3.6kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'chamel oblique singular or', originally 'chamel oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"chamel"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chamel",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'chamel oblique singular or', originally 'chamel oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"chamel"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chamel",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'chamel oblique singular or' in 'chamel oblique singular, m (oblique plural chameaus or chameax or chamiaus or chamiax or chamels, nominative singular chameaus or chameax or chamiaus or chamiax or chamels, nominative plural chamel)'",
"path": [
"chamel"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "chamel",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.